Quantum Theory
Quantum theory studies the behavior of matter and energy in atomic and subatomic particles such as protons, electrons, etc.
There are several important quantum theories between 1913 to 1925. we will conclude our discussion in a few steps from Quantum theory to quantum mechanics
Thomas Young experiment:
In 1801, Thomas Youngs performed the most important experiment to describe the wave nature of light. This experiment is known as young's double slit experiment. After that, it was clear that matter has also wave-like properties, to demonstrate superposition, observer effect, and entanglement.
Quantum theory of max Planck
In 1900, Max Planks presented his theory. According to his theory, energy is released and absorbed in the form of discrete particles known as quanta. The existence of these particles, quanta. is the first assumption of Quantum Theory. This discovery of quanta leads to a fundamental understanding of nature and nature laws. He also gave mathematical relations to describe the energy of each quantum. The energy is directly proportional to frequency and inversely proportional to wavelength. Planks won a noble prize in 1918 for his theory in Physics.
The relation is :
E=hc
E= energy of each quantum
h=planks constant
its value is 6.626176 x 10-34 joule-seconds.
c=frequency of quanta
For more than one particle the energy is multiple of n
E=nhc
Here n is the number of particles.
Einstein's work on quantum theory
In 1905, Einstein revolutionized the photoelectric effect. He also describes energy as quanta in his theory of the photoelectric effect. The quantized amount of energy of a photon is required to knock out an electron from the metal surface.1 photon is necessary to knock out an electron. Einstein was the third founder of quantum theory. He won the Noble prize in 1921.
De Broglie's quantum theory
In 1924, Louis de Broglie, French Physicists = In 1801, Thomas Young also explained the same wave-like property of light. Even a human body has also a wavelength but a very small amount.
De Broglie equation
According to de Broglie,
the wavelength of the electron particle. = λ = h m v
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle statement
In 1927, Heisenberg proposed that precise measurement of velocity and position of a particle cannot be measured exactly at the same time in the same theory. There is uncertainty in measuring both quantities at the same time. We can say it is impossible to measure position and momentum at the same time. This theory is known as the uncertainty principle.
Schrodinger wave equation
Schrodinger wave equation is the most important equation in chemistry and physics. This equation is used to calculate the energy and position of electrons in an atom. Erwin Schrödinger who developed the equation was even awarded the Nobel Prize in 1933. It is based on the De Broglie equation. It gives us a detailed account of the wave function and probability waves of finding the position of small particles.
How is the quantum theory used today?
Quantum Theory involves the study of subatomic and atomic levels of particles. Quantum discoveries have helped in our understanding of materials in biology, chemistry, physics, computer, astronomy, etc. Quantum mechanics lets us know how everything is associated in this world with the universe of higher aspects which we can't comprehend without quantum mechanics.
How is quantum theory used today?
Danish physicist showed us that the circles of electrons inside particles are additionally quantized. At the point when an electron moves from a higher circle to a lower, it delivers an equivalent measure of energy hole between two circles. Cosmologists utilize this to see the shade of stars and the sparkling of the sun over the sky. It prevents collapsing of stars. It is useful in integrated circuits and laser technology, semiconductors, microprocessor, amplifiers, CDs, DVDs, and medical and research imaging. The standards of quantum physical science are being applied in a rising number of regions, including quantum optics, quantum science, quantum registering, and quantum cryptography.
Continue reading quantum mechanics:
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